合同翻譯之關聯方的定義

關聯方（Affiliate）是股權買賣合同、轉讓合同、公司章程等合同中常見的定義，主要包括關聯方為個人和為公司（實體）這兩種情況，通常指彼此之間有密切關系的個人或實體。以下為部分常見法律文本中的關聯方雙語定義，供參考：

示例一：

“AFFILIATE” 

with respect to any specified Person, any other Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by, or is under common control, with such specified Person, and for individual Persons, any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships, and any entity controlled by any of the foregoing ;

“關聯方”

就任何特定的人而言，指直接地或間接地通過一個或多個中間人控制此人、受此人控制或與此人共同受另一方控制的任何其他人；就任何個人而言，指此人的任何子女、前夫（或前妻）的子女、孫子、孫女、外孫、外孫女、父母、繼父母、祖父母、外祖父母、配偶、兄弟姐妹、岳父母、公婆、女婿、媳婦、兄弟姐妹輩姻親，包括領養關系，以及上述任何人員控制的任何實體；

示例二：

Affiliate means any Person which in relation to the Person concerned is:  

(a)if the Person concerned is a body corporate, any holding company or a subsidiary or a subsidiary of any such holding company or any partnership which is a subsidiary undertaking of the Person concerned or of any such holding company; or 

(b)if the Person concerned is a firm or another unincorporated body, any body corporate or partnership where more than 50% of the votes exercisable at a general meeting or partners meeting are directly or indirectly controlled by such Person; or

(c)if the Person concerned is a natural Person, a spouse, lineal ascendant or lineal descendant of such Person or a firm or other unincorporated body or body corporate where more than 50% of the votes exercisable at a general meeting of the members are directly or indirectly controlled by such Person and/or his or her spouse, lineal ascendants and lineal descendants; or

(d)any trust or other estate in which the Person concerned has a substantial beneficial interest or as to which the Person concerned serves as trustee or in a similar fiduciary capacity.

關聯方指就任何人而言，屬于下列情況與之相關的人士： 

(a)若該人是公司法人，其控股公司、子公司或該控股公司的子公司，與之相關的子公司或其控股公司的合伙公司；或 

(b)若該人是商行或其他非法人團體，由該人直接或間接控制股東會或合伙人會議可行使表決權超過50%的公司或合伙公司；或

(c)若該人是自然人，該人的配偶、直系長輩或直系晚輩，或該人和/或其配偶、直系長輩、直系晚輩直接或間接控制股東會可行使表決權超過50%的商行、其他非法人團體或公司；或

(d)該人持有重大權益，或擔任受托人或類似受托人身份的信托或其他財產。

示例三：

“Affiliate” means in respect of a Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person, and (i) in the case of a natural person, shall include, without limitation, such person’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mother-in-law, father-in-law, brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, a trust for the benefit of any of the foregoing, and a corporation, partnership or any other entity wholly or jointly owned by any of the foregoing, and (ii) in the case of an entity, shall include a partnership, a corporation or any other entity or any natural person which directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such entity. The term “control” shall mean the ownership, directly or indirectly, of shares possessing more than fifty per cent (50%) of the voting power of the corporation, partnership or other entity (other than, in the case of a corporation, securities having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency), or having the power to control the management or elect a majority of members to the board of directors or equivalent decisionmaking body of such corporation, partnership or other entity;

“關聯方”就某個人而言，指直接或通過一個或多個中間人間接控制該人、受該人控制或與該人受到共同控制的任何其他人，(i) 就某個自然人而言，應包括但不限于該人的配偶、父母、子女、兄弟姐妹、岳母/婆婆、岳父/公公、配偶的兄弟姐妹及兄弟姐妹的配偶、為上述任何一方的利益設立的信托以及由上述任何一方全資或共同擁有的公司、合伙企業或任何其他實體，(ii) 就某個實體而言，應包括直接或通過一個或多個中間人間接控制該實體、受該實體控制或與該實體受到共同控制的公司或任何其他實體或任何自然人。“控制”指直接或間接擁有代表公司、合伙企業或其他實體百分之五十（50%）以上表決權的股份（對公司而言，不包括僅因發生意外事件而擁有表決權的證券），或有權控制該公司、合伙企業或其他實體的管理層或有權選擇該公司、合伙企業或其他實體董事會或同等決策機構的多數成員；

“Founder Affiliate”means any entity that is ultimately controlled by the respective Founder, or any “immediate family” (as that term is defined in SEC Rule 16a-1(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) of the respective Founder.

“創始人關聯方”指最終由各創始人控制的任何實體，或各創始人的任何“直系親屬”（定義見根據《美國證券交易法》頒布的證交會16a-1(e)規則）；

示例四：

“Affiliate” means, with respect to a Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly, Controls, is Controlled by or is under common Control with such Person, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, (a) in the case of a Person that is a natural person, the term “Affiliate” shall also include (i) such Peron’s spouse, children, grandchildren, siblings, parents, grandparents, and other immediate family members (by birth, adoption, or marriage), and (ii) any trusts Controlled by or for the benefit of any such Person aforementioned in (a)(i); (b) with respect to an Investor, the term “Affiliate” shall also include (i) any shareholder of such Investor, (ii) any of such Investor’s general partners or limited partners, and any Person which has a direct or indirect Controlling interest in such Investor, (iii) the fund manager managing such Investor and other funds managed by such fund manager, and (iv) any trusts Controlled by or for the benefit of any such Person referred to in (b)(i), (ii) or (iii) (where applicable). For the avoidance of doubt, no Investor shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of any Group Company. 

“關聯方”，就某一主體而言，系指直接或間接地控制該主體、受該主體控制或與該主體受共同控制的任何其他主體，而且在不限制前述規定的一般性的前提下，（a）對于屬于自然人的主體而言，“關聯方”一詞還應包括（i）該主體的配偶、子女、孫子女、兄弟姐妹、父母、祖父母、外祖父母和其他直系親屬（通過出生、收養或婚姻關系產生），以及（ii）由上述第（a）（i）項中提及的上述任何主體控制或為其利益而控制的任何信托；（b）就某一投資者而言，“關聯方”一詞還應包括：（i）該投資者的任何股東，（ii）該投資者的任何普通合伙人或有限合伙人，以及在該投資者中直接或間接享有控制權益的任何主體，（iii）管理該投資者的基金管理人和由該基金管理人管理的其他基金，以及（iv）由上述第b款第（i）項、第（ii）項或第（iii）項中提及的任何該等主體控制的或為了該人的利益而設立的信托。為避免疑義，任何投資者不得被視為任何集團公司的關聯方。

轉載自：旗渡法務中心  作者：譯問